Computer underground Digest Sun Sep 8, 1996 Volume 8 : Issue 65 ISSN 1004-042X Editor: Jim Thomas (cudigest@sun.soci.niu.edu) News Editor: Gordon Meyer (gmeyer@sun.soci.niu.edu) Archivist: Brendan Kehoe Shadow Master: Stanton McCandlish Field Agent Extraordinaire: David Smith Shadow-Archivists: Dan Carosone / Paul Southworth Ralph Sims / Jyrki Kuoppala Ian Dickinson Cu Digest Homepage: http://www.soci.niu.edu/~cudigest CONTENTS, #8.65 (Sun, Sep 8, 1996) File 1--BOOK> GOVERNMENT ONLINE IN CANADA (fwd) File 2--China slices off access to web sites including CNN and WSJ File 3--US Army troubled by viruses, France with hackers... File 4--Germany censors dutch website www.xs4all.nl File 5--Indonesia detains democracy activist after post to mailing list File 6--Singapore File 7--Kuwait moves to censor "sin-inducing" Internet File 8--NSF yanks Iran's Internet connection, from HotWired File 9--CITA 'declares war' on SaskTel File 10--Cu Digest Header Info (unchanged since 7 Apr, 1996) CuD ADMINISTRATIVE, EDITORIAL, AND SUBSCRIPTION INFORMATION ApPEARS IN THE CONCLUDING FILE AT THE END OF EACH ISSUE. --------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Mon, 19 Aug 1996 14:40:18 -0400 (EDT) From: Pierre Bourque Subject: File 1--BOOK> GOVERNMENT ONLINE IN CANADA (fwd) Hi, would appreciate it if you could consider the following for an upcoming edition of CUD. Thanks in advance, Pierre Bourque Mercenary Scribbler -- GOVERNMENT ONLINE CANADA: The Internet User's Comprehensive Directory ! by Pierre Bourque (pierre@achilles.net) Foreword by Prime Minister Jean Chretien (pm@pm.gc.ca) This unique Internet Directory is the ultimate guide to the maze of government websites in Canada and perhaps the most important political book of the year. With thousands of relevant web and email addresses, Pierre Bourque's book is the only reference you need. The book also holds important appendices filled with key links to online educational, business, and journalistic resources, online research tools, domestic and international media, search engines, and glossaries of terms. GOVERNMENT ONLINE IN CANADA (www.achilles.net/~pierre/GOC.html) Published by Stoddart Publishing Co. Limited. Media Contact: Patti McCabe (Patti.Mccabe@ccmailgw.genpub.com) Distributed in Canada and the USA by General Distribution Services Inc. (Customer.Service@ccmailgw.genpub.com) ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 5 Sep 1996 23:09:52 -0500 From: Declan McCullagh Subject: File 2--China slices off access to web sites including CNN and WSJ [One aspect to stress here is understanding what technical means the Chinese government is using, so net-activists can subvert it better. Anyone want to give me an account on a machine in China so I can experiment? --Declan] September 5, 1996 China Bans Internet Access To as Many as 100 Web Sites By KATHY CHEN Staff Reporter of THE WALL STREET JOURNAL BEIJING -- Acting on its threat to control Internet use, China blocked access to as many as 100 sites on the World Wide Web, according to Chinese and Westerners who monitor the industry. [...] The ban on select Web sites comes amid a broad tightening of control over the rising flood of information into China. In January, Beijing announced that economic news services sold by foreign companies -- including Dow Jones & Co., publisher of this newspaper -- must be distributed by the official Xinhua news agency. ...a Chinese official who works in the information industry confirmed that the State Council Information Leading Group last week ordered the ministry to block access to one batch of sites "suspected of carrying spiritual pollution," with a second group likely to follow soon. Western industry sources estimated that China has banned access on as many as 100 Web sites by using a filtering system to prevent delivery of offending information. Checks by the sources over the past few days showed that China has shut access to sites in the following five categories for subscribers of China's commercial network: English-language sites sponsored by U.S. news media such as The Wall Street Journal, the Washington Post and CNN. Chinese-language sites featuring news and commentaries from Taiwan, which Beijing considers a renegade province of China. Sites sponsored by Hong Kong newspapers and anti-Beijing China-watching publications. Overseas dissident sites, including those providing data on the restive Himalayan region of Tibet and Xinjiang's independence movement. Sexually explicit sites, such as those sponsored by Playboy and Penthouse. Some such sites remain unblocked. [...] ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 30 Aug 1996 15:07:23 +0100 From: Jean-Bernard Condat Subject: File 3--US Army troubled by viruses, France with hackers... Despite the hype, there are important historical trends behind the interest in information warfare. French military authorities, for example, suspect that unidentified hackers broke into their navy system in July and, according to Reuters on September 20, "tapped into the data on the acoustic signatures of hundreds of French and allied ships." President Jacques Chirac ordered a major investigation. While American and British liaison officers, who provided information on their own vessels, were furious at the French and suspected the Russians, some French officers suspect that the Americans were testing French security. Writing in an article entitled "US Army Seeks Computer Antivirus Plan" in the August 26 issue of "Defense News" magazine, reporter Pat Cooper reveals the US Army suffered from serious computer virus infections while deployed in Bosnia. Infections by Monkey, AntiEXE and Prank Macro caused computer software malfunctions and related problems which "forced Army personnel to waste hundreds of hours finding the viruses and cleaning them from the systems (...)" Apparently, imperfect Monkey virus removals also resulted in non-critical data being lost from infected hard disks. The widespread dispersal of the viruses on Army computers in Bosnia have catalyzed a review of informations systems procedures and could have implications for all future force deployments, servicewide, according to Cooper and Defense News. Army Captain Steve Warnock told Cooper that while virus computer trouble was widespread, it affected only "nonsensitive data and did not adversely affect the Bosnian mission." Army officials pressed for solid recommendations that all computers be checked for computer viruses prior to future deployments. One suggestion aired involved the maintenance of an on-line site from which Army personnel could download current anti-virus software while in the field. Pat Cooper commented to "Crypt Newsletter" that the US Army had used IBM Anti-virus and McAfee Associates software while in Bosnia. -- Jean-bernard Condat, Senior Consultant, Smart Card Business Unit | Informix, La Grande Arche, 92044 La Defense Cedex, France | Phone: +33 1 46963769, fax: +33 1 46963765, portable: +33 07238628 ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 5 Sep 1996 21:16:33 +0200 (MET DST) From: Felipe Rodriquez Subject: File 4--Germany censors dutch website www.xs4all.nl Please forward: Contact: XS4ALL Internet BV (http://www.xs4all.nl) Postbus 1848 1000BV Amsterdam Fax: +31-20-6274498 Email: felipe@xs4all.nl * * * P R E S S R E L E A S E * * * GERMANY CENSORS DUTCH WEBSITE WWW.XS4ALL.NL, WITH 3100 WEBPAGES German internetproviders, joined in the Internet Content Taskforce (ICTF), started censoring the Dutch website www.xs4all.nl, containing 3100 personal and commercial homepages. This act of censorship is caused by the webpage of a magazine that is banned in Germany, Radikal (http://www.xs4all.nl/ ~tank/radikal/). A German prosecutor sent the following message to the ICTF (http://www.anwalt.de/ictf/p960901e.htm): "Under the following addresses in Internet: http://www.serve.com/spg/154/ http://www.xs4all.nl/~tank/radikal//154/ and using the link on page http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/angela1/radilink.htm one can call up the entire edition of the pamphlet entitled radikal Nr. 154". Parts of this pamphlet justify preliminary suspicion of promoting a terrorist organization under ' 129a, Par.3 of the German Criminal Code, public condoning of criminal activities penalizable under ' 140 no.2 of the German Criminal Code and preliminary suspicion of inciting to criminal activity under ' 130a Par.1 of the German Criminal Code. The Public Prosecutor General at the Federal Court of Justice has therefore initiated a criminal investigatory procedure against the parties disseminating this pamphlet. You are herewith informed that you may possibly make yourself subject to criminal prosecution for aiding and abetting criminal activities if you continue to allow these pages to be called up via your access points and network crosspoints" Providers in Germany are already blocking packets to and from the host www.xs4all.nl. The 3100 websites on this server include the Kurdistan Information Network (http://www.xs4all.nl/~tank/kurdish/htdocs/), the very popular Internet Charts (http://www.xs4all.nl/~jojo/) and the world famous Chip Directory (http://www.xs4all.nl/~ganswijk/chipdir/). XS4ALL has not received any request from the German Government regarding the homepage of Radikal. Without any prior contact the German prosecutor decided that the XS4ALL website needs to be blocked for German Internet Users. XS4ALL is awaiting legal advice, and will investigate if legal procedures against the German government are possible. Censorship on Internet usually has the opposite effect. Internetusers consider it a sport to publish censored materials. Many users have already published the Radikal website on other Internet hosts. Here are some of the URL's: http://burn.ucsd.edu/%7Eats/RADIKAL/ http://www.jca.or.jp/~taratta/mirror/radikal/ http://www.serve.com/~spg/ http://huizen.dds.nl/~radikal http://www.canucksoup.net/radikal/index.html http://www.ecn.org/radikal http://www.well.com/~declan/mirrors/ http://www.connix.com/~harry/radikal/index.htm http://www.xs4all.nl/~tank/radikal/index.htm Xs4all Internet will rotate the IP-numbering of the website www.xs4all.nl to ensure that it's 3100 userpages will all remain available for any internet-user. ------------------------------ Date: Sun, 18 Aug 1996 21:23:29 -0700 (PDT) From: Declan McCullagh Subject: File 5--Indonesia detains democracy activist after post to mailing list Indonesia is joining the rest of the world in cracking down on online speech. Perhaps the lesson here is that no matter how much the Internet supposedly "routes around censorship," the most vulnerable points are the humans on both ends. More info on the global net-crackdown is at: http://www.eff.org/~declan/global/ -Declan --- http://www.hotwired.com/netizen/96/34/special0a.html HotWired, The Netizen 19 August 1996 Trouble in Paradise by Declan McCullagh (declan@well.com) Washington, DC, 18 August Indonesian democracy activists have taken their fight for freedom to the Net, and the government doesn't approve. After distributing email messages about riots in Jakarta last month to an international Indonesian-politics mailing list, Prihadi Beny Waluyo, a lecturer at Duta Wacana Christian University, was arrested and interrogated by the military. Since then, the mailing list has been banned from the country and Waluyo has returned to his house, where he remains under surveillance. Until now, Indonesian cyberspace has been relatively free, with no regulations or laws explicitly restricting online discussions. By contrast, newspapers and magazines are subject to strict censorship, following a 1984 ministerial decree requiring the press to obtain licenses from the government. [...] "He [Waluyo] was arrested and accused of sending messages to Holland and printing out photocopies," said Sidney Jones, executive director of Human Rights Watch/Asia. "The army is out to stop any kind of discussion of the riots." The censor-happy regime of President Suharto tried to stop journalists from reporting on the outbreaks of violence - which shattered his carefully cultivated image of a stable Indonesia. The worst domestic disturbance in a decade, the uprising started after police stormed the headquarters of an opposition party and ejected anti-government activists from the building... [...] --- August 14, 1996 His Excellency M. Arifin Siregar Ambassador to the United States Embassy of Indonesia 2020 Mass. Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20036 Your Excellency: I am writing on behalf of Human Rights Watch/Asia to protest the arrest of Drs. Prihadi Beny Waluyo, a lecturer at Duta Wacana Christian University. Drs. Waluyo was arrested at his home by soldiers of the district military command. He was reportedly accused of distributing e-mail messages and also of sending messages relating to the July 27 riots to a destination in Holland. His arrest came after an unidentified person gave an officer photocopies of e-mail messages that were traced to Drs. Waluyo. The person claimed the printouts came from a store in Kebumen, a district of Yogyakarta. Following his arrest, Drs. Waluyo was interrogated by the military about his connections with the Peoples Democratic Party (PRD), which the government has accused of masterminding the riots, but he denied any involvement with the PRD. He acknowledged that he had sent messages over the Internet. Following his questioning, he was reportedly ordered to go to his home and was told to report to the district military command on a regular basis. He is said to be under strict surveillance. Human Rights Watch opposes actions by the Indonesian government to restrict electronic communication. As stated in Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression: this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers. We believe that such forums provide a truly unique opportunity for people from around the globe to share their views with an international audience. By allowing unrestricted communication, important issues can receive the benefit of serious discussion by the broadest cross-section of society. If the Internet is to achieve its potential to become a global information infrastructure, it is important, at the present moment, to agree to allow its unrestricted development. We urge that Drs. Waluyi and every other citizen be allowed to receive and transmit electronic mail without fear of harassment, intimidation, or arrest. Sincerely, Sidney Jones Executive Director Human Rights Watch/Asia cc: His Excellency Nugroho Wisnumurti, Ambassador to the United Nations --- [Thanks to Bruce Sterling for this excerpt. --Declan] >From the INDEX ON CENSORSHIP web site: http://www.oneworld.org/index_oc/ INDONESIA It was reported in May that the government has banned the book Bayang Bayang PKI (In the Shadows of the PKI). Published by the Institute for Studies on the Free Flow of Information (ISAI), it focuses on the 1965-1966 events leading to the assumption of power by President Soeharto. It is now a criminal offence for any person to process, publish, distribute, trade or reprint the book. (A19) The government has put pressure on the media to report positively on government-backed efforts to oust the leader of the opposition Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI), Megawati Sukarno-putri. On 2 June army officers invited most of Indonesia's chief editors to attend media briefings where, among other things, they were told not to use the words 'unseat' or 'topple' in their reporting. A rally in Jakarta organised by members loyal to Megawati on 20 June was broken up by troops, who killed at least one of the protesters, and arrested hundreds. Erwin Hadi, photographer with the weekly Sinar, Iqbal Wahyudin of CNN, Tomohiko Ohtsuka of Mainichi Shimbun and Reuters photographer Enny Nuraheini were among the journalists injured by soldiers during the rally. Local stations were also banned by the government from broadcasting images of the protest or from helping foreign news agencies feed their pictures of the rally abroad. Megawati was finally ousted as PDI leader on 22 June. (Institute for Studies on the Free Flow of Information) The Supreme Court voted on 13 June to uphold the government's ban on the independent newsweekly Tempo (Index 4&5/1994, 3/1995, 1/1996). The Court ruled that the information minister has the right to revoke publishing licences since he also has the right to issue them. (Institute for Studies on the Free Flow of Information) Index Index incorporates information from the American Association for the Advancement of Science Human Rights Action Network (AAASHRAN), Amnesty International (AI), Article 19 (A19), the BBC Monitoring Service Summary of World Broadcasts (SWB), the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), the Canadian Committee to Protect Journalists (CCPJ), the Inter-American Press Association (IAPA), the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ/FIP), the International Federation of Newspaper Publishers (FIEJ), Human Rights Watch (HRW), the Media Institute of Southern Africa (MISA), International PEN (PEN), Open Media Research Institute (OMRI), Reporters Sans Frontires (RSF), the World Association of Community Broadcasters (AMARC) and other sources ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 2 Sep 1996 21:57:06 +0200 (MET DST) From: Felipe Rodriquez Subject: File 6--Singapore Hi, The Singaporean system will be followed up by other countries. I expect this to happen almost immediately. Other countries have been looking at similar systems, and will try to perfect the licensing system Singapore created. Just wait to see China, Taiwan, Indonesia and Saudi Arabia to impose similar legislation. Even Europe may have a brainwave leading us all into a system of licensing the Internet. In every country there is discussions about legislation on Internet. Every country will feel a need to uphold the national moral standards. It will cause people to migrate their information to other, more tolerant, parts of the world. People from singapore may have websites in Holland or the US. (some sex-companies from singapore already operate digitally from Holland). Singapore can block those pages off, but would have an increasingly burdensome task to track down all 'hostile' and 'dangerous' information. I doubt if they will succeed, as the Net grows larger. Three years ago the worldwide usenet-flow was 100mb/day. Today it's about two gigabytes. In two years this will have quadrupled. No organisation can control such enormous flows of information. I don't want to even start thinking about tracking and censoring webpages, because they will just be put on a new URL every day. Any country trying to impose national or regional legislation on the Net will have a hard time. A global consensus is needed for the Internet, a consensus of tolerance. We need to let go of regional issues, and try to define global issues. A global system would need an enourmous amount of tolerance. There is no other choice than accepting total tolerance, because there is no way to shut your opponents up. The replication of censored information seems to be a favourite sport of internet users around the world. Most censored documents on Internet had many more readers _after_ the attempts to censor them. If you would ever want to write a bestseller on the Net, be sure to have the governments and coorporations censor it. It'll ensure thousands of readers. Child-pornography and copyrights may very well be the only two issues where global consensus is possible. Other issues like racism and pornography would be very difficult to deal with. Some countries on the Net will tolerate it, under their local freedom of speech legislation. Realize that because of this the information will be available on the entire Net. It becomes clear that on a global scale pornography and racism are hard, even impossible, to censor from the Net. As are other documents that may offend someone, somewhere in the world. Expect all the human expressions to be reproduced on the Net, its poetry but also its excrements. Accept it, or disconnect. I don't know if we should all be happy or unhappy about all these things on the Net. It's not very positive to see racist propaganda spread over the world, it does not make me very happy. A lot of Americans will not be happy about the fact that there's loads of pornography on the Net, coming from Europe. But agression about these publications will not solve your or my own problems. The Internet is not there to make us happy, it is not there to irritate us either. The Internet is there to use, to communicate. The Net is part of our universal right to express ourselves and communicate with eachother. Communication on such a vast scale is only possible through tolerance, by accepting things on a global scale. Accept that there're other cultures, with other beliefs and moral codes. To accept and be tolerant to the other gives you the right to demand a tolerant approach by others. There're some things we may agree on together, like persecution of child pornography. But there's a lot of other things that we will have to accept on the Net. We are forced into tolerance, because there's no other option. Imagine living in a country with 5 different races, and 100 different religions. A country where people speak many dialects and where every village has their own legal system. This is basically what the Net is. So how can you remain order and harmony in such a country ? By killing off all your opponents, because they think differently ? By persecuting them because they believe in a different god ? By exploiting the others for your own sake ? By shutting people up, to find out that you will be shut up yourselve some day ? In my opinion tolerance would be key, because otherwise the villages would all slaughter each other with their intolerant agression. Out of tolerance and mutual respect comes order and harmony. Don't forget ! We are all clueless and lost on the Net. We can only speculate where this thing is going. But it's going somewhere :-) Kind regards, Felipe Rodriquez ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 30 Aug 1996 13:15:58 -0500 From: Declan McCullagh Subject: File 7--Kuwait moves to censor "sin-inducing" Internet August 28, 1996 KUWAIT (Reuter) - An Islamist Kuwaiti deputy, citing concern over "sin-inducing" material on the worldwide computer network Internet, Wednesday called for government curbs on access to some Internet sites by users in Kuwait. "It (Internet) carries material...inducing sin. This is a matter that should not be met with silence," a proposal submitted to parliament by Abdulla al-Hajri said. "This is most dangerous." "Concerned government bodies should take the measures they envisage to prevent viewing all (material) breaching our belief and values on the information network, the Internet," it said. Hajri told Reuters by telephone: "There have been some images that breach decency and do not suit our social values on the Internet." He said his proposal did not call for any restrictions that would harm the freedom of expression. "I believe the government would respond to this proposal," he said. The government in the conservative Gulf Arab state imposes strict censorship on nudity and revealing photographs in magazines. ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 28 Aug 1996 20:08:06 -0700 (PDT) From: Declan McCullagh Subject: File 8--NSF yanks Iran's Internet connection, from HotWired Attached is my column on the NSF and Iran. After I filed it, I received an unconfirmed note from the NSF saying that they removed the restriction in response to my calls earlier today. I'll verify tomorrow. I have some original documents on the Iran sanctions law and executive order at: http://www.eff.org/~declan/global/ -Declan // declan@eff.org // I do not represent the EFF // declan@well.com // http://www.netizen.com/netizen/96/35/special3a.html HotWired The Netizen Banning Iran by Declan McCullagh (declan@well.com) Washington, DC, 28 August The US government has quietly pulled the plug on Iran's Internet connection. The catch? No one gave it permission. Earlier this month, a National Science Foundation official blocked crucial international links to Iran, apparently in response to an Iran and Libya Sanctions Act that became law on 5 August. The move prevents people in the United States from connecting to Iranian computers by cutting off access to the country's only permanent Net connection - a single, achingly slow 9600 bps modem. The link joins the Internet at Austria's Vienna University, which received a letter from an NSF employee - who the foundation claims acted without authority - asking their network gurus to cease forwarding Iranian data to American networks. The NSF employee, Steve Goldstein, told the university that the United States embargoed such exchanges with Iran. From Austria, packets travel across the Atlantic through links funded in part by US taxpayers, which Goldstein claims gives the NSF control over them. Goldstein works in the agency's Networking and Communications Research and Infrastructure division. The NSF's action, however, tramples on the First Amendment. The Supreme Court has upheld the right of Americans to receive a wide range of information from abroad. An existing executive order explicitly allows the import and export of Iranian informational materials regardless of medium of transmission, according to Solveig Bernstein, a lawyer with the Cato Institute. "Congress intended any sanctions the president took to be directed at money and weapons production, not communications," she said. The NSF isn't accepting responsibility. The agency claims Goldstein acted on his own volition. Although Goldstein declined comment, the agency's lawyers say he was not authorized to block the line. "We were not asked by Dr. Goldstein for any opinions, so I'm not sure on what basis we're doing it," said John Chester, NSF legal counsel. Other NSF officials did not return repeated phone calls. Many Iranians in the United States are outraged at losing access to friends, family, and educational links in Iran. Farhad Shakeri, a software engineer at Stanford University who operates the Iranian Cultural and Information Center, says: "Lots of people in Iran are confused. They can't talk to any university in the world.... We just want the problem fixed." Anoosh Hosseini, a webmaster at the Global Publishing Group, says: "It affects me as a person. I want to visit my cousin's homepage, and my brother's homepage. The University of Texas has a Middle Eastern research center, but now they can't research Iran [on the Net]." ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 30 Aug 1996 15:11:25 -0700 (PDT) From: Tim Harris Subject: File 9--CITA 'declares war' on SaskTel For Immediate Release C.I.T.A. -- Canadian Information Technology Association Declares War on SaskTel SASKATOON, August 30, 1996 -- The C.I.T.A. -- Canadian Information Technology Association has officially declared war on SaskTel. An official investigative report released by the provincial government August 27, 1996 indisputably shows that SaskTel is deliberately pushing private sector Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and federal government subsidized Community Access Program communities out of business. According to the report, 100 Internet users, each operating a 28.8 k/sec modem would be able to concurrently use a single 56 k/sec line. "You do not have to know anything about computers to do the math." says Lyndon Holm Vice Chairman of the C.I.T.A. "This is technically impossible." The C.I.T.A. confronted Robert Hersche, Senior Advisor on Telecommunications for Saskatchewan Intergovernmental Affairs, about some of the comments made in his report. Mr. Hersche acknowledged that he is not familiar with Internet technology and that the report was constructed from the statements made from the SaskTel Engineering Department. Mr. Hersche indicated that he "took their word for it." When asked if any independent consultants were used for the investigation he replied that they did not have the budget for that. "This assault on private business by this crown corporation grossly violates the Competition Act." says Tim Harris, Chairman of the C.I.T.A. "Unfortunately, as we can see with this provincial government report, the private business owners can not even get a fair investigation to determine wrong doing. SaskTel is judge and jury on every issue." Since the private sector has been challenging SaskTel on these issues of unfair competition, SaskTel insists they are bound by tariffs. These tariffs are not federal but from the Provincial Cabinet. The role of Saskatchewan Intergovernmental Affairs is to advise the Minister about policy issues concerning SaskTel. It is the position of the C.I.T.A. that the Provincial Cabinet is just as ignorant as their advisors and are passing tariffs "taking SaskTel's word for." The C.I.T.A. will be releasing an official challenge to SaskTel and provincial government representatives to have an on-camera debate later next week. "We don't expect them to show up." says Harris "To this point they have backed out of every request to meet this organization." ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 21 Mar 1996 22:51:01 CST From: CuD Moderators Subject: File 10--Cu Digest Header Info (unchanged since 7 Apr, 1996) Cu-Digest is a weekly electronic journal/newsletter. Subscriptions are available at no cost electronically. CuD is available as a Usenet newsgroup: comp.society.cu-digest Or, to subscribe, send post with this in the "Subject:: line: SUBSCRIBE CU-DIGEST Send the message to: cu-digest-request@weber.ucsd.edu DO NOT SEND SUBSCRIPTIONS TO THE MODERATORS. The editors may be contacted by voice (815-753-0303), fax (815-753-6302) or U.S. mail at: Jim Thomas, Department of Sociology, NIU, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA. 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Readers are encouraged to submit reasoned articles relating to computer culture and communication. Articles are preferred to short responses. Please avoid quoting previous posts unless absolutely necessary. DISCLAIMER: The views represented herein do not necessarily represent the views of the moderators. Digest contributors assume all responsibility for ensuring that articles submitted do not violate copyright protections. ------------------------------ End of Computer Underground Digest #8.65 ************************************