Computer underground Digest Sun July 19, 1998 Volume 10 : Issue 39 ISSN 1004-042X Editor: Jim Thomas (cudigest@sun.soci.niu.edu) News Editor: Gordon Meyer (gmeyer@sun.soci.niu.edu) Archivist: Brendan Kehoe Shadow Master: Stanton McCandlish Shadow-Archivists: Dan Carosone / Paul Southworth Ralph Sims / Jyrki Kuoppala Ian Dickinson Field Agent Extraordinaire: David Smith Cu Digest Homepage: http://www.soci.niu.edu/~cudigest CONTENTS, #10.39 (Sun, July 19, 1998) File 1--House Comm on Commerce Approves WIPO Copyright (HR 2281) File 2--How Technology Dumbs Down Language File 3--Islands in the Clickstream. Summer Nights. July 11, 1998 File 4--New Congressional Bills and Upcoming Hearings File 5--Reno v. ACLU now on Oyez! (fwd) File 6--Open Source Town Meeting Hosted by O'Reilly File 7--Cu Digest Header Info (unchanged since 25 Apr, 1998) CuD ADMINISTRATIVE, EDITORIAL, AND SUBSCRIPTION INFORMATION ApPEARS IN THE CONCLUDING FILE AT THE END OF EACH ISSUE. --------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Tue, 21 Jul 1998 00:12:11 -0500 From: jthomas@VENUS.SOCI.NIU.EDU(Jim Thomas) Subject: File 1--House Comm on Commerce Approves WIPO Copyright (HR 2281) House Committee on Commerce News Release For Immediate Release Contact: David Fish July 17, 1998 (202) 225-5735 House Commerce Committee Overwhelmingly Appproves WIPO Bill by vote of 41- 0 Washington (July 17)--The full House Commerce Committee today overwhelmingly approved a bipartisan measure that would implement the World Intellectual Property Organization Copyright Treaty and the Performances and Phonograms Treaty. H.R. 2281, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998, was reported out of the committee as amended, by a vote of 41 to 0. Commerce Committee Chairman Tom Bliley (R-VA)made the following opening remarks at this mornings WIPO markup: "Today, the Committee completes its consideration of H.R. 2281, the World Intellectual Property Organization Treaties Implementation Act. "This is perhaps the most important piece of legislation relating to electronic commerce that this Congress will consider. "And lets be clear: while it is true that this legislation implements copyright treaties, it is done in such a way that it defines the way in which consumers will participate in the future of electronic commerce. "When we began our review, I stated that the Committee on Commerce would add value to this important piece of legislation -- and in doing so, ensure that the WIPO treaties are implemented in this Congress. "Im pleased to say that we have done just that. "On a number of important issues, the Committee has worked closely with the interested parties, and crafted balanced and reasonable solutions that substantially improve this bill. "We have reached a resolution, for example, on the issue of encryption research, thanks in large part to the leadership of Chairman Tauzin. "We also have a compromise on the issue of privacy, and I want to thank Mr. Markey for all his hard work in getting this important issue resolved. This solution protects the interests of consumers without stifling the growth electronic commerce. "Finally, we have reached an agreement on the very important issue of "fair use." I want to thank Mr. Klug for all his hard work. "Above all other issues, it is this issue of "fair use" that concerned me the most. I have faith that the digital revolution holds enormous promise for consumers and the economy. "It is changing, and will continue to change, the way in which we learn . . . work . . . invest . . . and even heal ourselves. And that change, I believe, will be for the greater good. "But I also recognize that, in many ways, the digital environment is the great unknown. It is the newest of new paradigms. "Digital technology has the potential -- and let me emphasize the word potential -- to lock up information and works that are otherwise widely available to consumers today. "The fact that this problem is only speculative or hypothetical does not convince me that we should do nothing. Quite the opposite, it raises the possibility that it will inhibit growth in electronic commerce. "The agreement we have today gives consumers a reliable and regular process that ensures they will have fair use access to information and copyrighted works  without stifling growth in electronic commerce. "I appreciate all of the parties participation in these negotiations, and look forward to moving forward on this important piece of legislation." The following amendments were voted on at todays full committee markup: * Amendment offered by Mr. Tauzin (R-LA)  encryption research, agreed to by voice vote; * Amendment offered by Mr. Markey (D-MA)  protection of personally identifying information, agreed to by voice vote; * Amendment offered by Mr. Dingell (D-MI)  reverse engineering, agreed to by voice vote; * Amendment offered by Mr. Klug (R-WI)  fair use, agreed to by voice vote; * Amendment offered by Mr. White (R-WA)  protecting the 1st amendment to the Constitution, agreed to by voice vote; and * Amendment offered by Mr. White (R-WA)  evaluation of impact of copyright law and amendments on electronic commerce and technological development, agreed to by voice vote. - 30 - News Home U.S. House of Representatives Seal The House Committee on Commerce 2125 Rayburn House Office Building Washington, DC 20515 (202) 225-2927 Commerce@mail.house.gov ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 18 Jun 1998 12:45:57 -0400 From: Stephen Talbott Subject: File 2--How Technology Dumbs Down Language SOURCE: NETFUTURE, #73 *** How Technology Dumbs Down Language From Steve Talbott You've doubtless noticed that web search engines now offer on-the-spot machine translation of foreign-language web pages. I'll spare you the usual examples of comical translation. What worries me is not how bad they are, but how we will go about making them better. It's actually quite easy: all we need to do is to continue using ever less evocative, less richly textured, less meaningful language. The more we can resort to a flat, abstract, technical, and contentless vocabulary, the more satisfactory the machine translation will be. If we could finally learn to speak and write in something like a programming language, we'd be blessed with near-perfect translations. Don't look for a *Moby Dick* or *Leaves of Grass* to be written in this language, however. But there's a second, complementary way for the translations to become more acceptable: the reader can lower his standards of acceptance. Commentator David Jolly tells us that, while computer translations were once the butt of jokes, they are now taken quite seriously. He goes on: But the real story is the Internet, because web-surfers aren't worried about a publication-quality document; they just want to be able to browse foreign websites. (CBS MarketWatch, May 13, 1998) Of course, when we're "just browsing" we're not particularly concerned about such things as depth of understanding, subtle distinctions, fidelity to the source, and the intimate and sympathetic penetration of another mind. These objectives, along with many others, fade into the background. They may *need* to fade into the background on occasion. The concern on the Net today is whether they are fading beyond retrieval. In any case, all this underscores the question that a few people began asking some years ago. In the convergence of human being and machine, which is more fateful -- the machine's becoming more intelligent and human-like, or the human being's becoming more machine-like? All the commentary, all the prognostication, all the excitement seems focused on the machine's generation-by-generation ascent -- which already suggests that the human descent is well advanced. Searching, Filtering, Blocking ---------------------------- The risks of machine translation are presenting themselves on several fronts. To begin with, the widespread use of search engines encourages authors to write for "searchability." The idea is to avoid the unexpected (and therefore potentially more revelatory) word, and instead to appease the audience's expectations. They will, after all, search according to their expectations, and if they don't find you, what good will your words do? The same issues arise with filtering and blocking software. There is no way -- and in principle never can be a way -- to implement a dependable filter or blocker so long as our language remains alive and meaningful. The blocking software must rely to one degree or another on past word associations, automatically correlating certain words with particular subjects and meanings. The result is that those whose intentions are not, for example, pornographic, must avoid the "pornographic lexicon" or else suffer blocking. But -- as the study of meaning and metaphor has made abundantly clear --the renewal of language and the extension of human understanding depend on continual cross-fertilization between lexicons. Only in that way can we counter the tendency for our language to harden into unrelated, narrow, specialized usages that give us precision while eliminating expressive power. Such specialized lexicons are ideal for capturing, in the most prosaic terms, what we already know -- but disastrous for helping us to take wing and transcend the previous limits of our understanding. The concern for internationalization of web pages raises the same issues yet again. Colorful, inventive, richly textured language is not only difficult for foreigners to understand, but may also lead (we're told) to unintended messages and even insults. The standard advice is to avoid colloquialisms, unusual metaphors, and, in general, any unexpected use of language. While a genuine thoughtfulness may be at work in this advice, you will find that I make none of the recommended accommodations in NETFUTURE. My refusal is rooted in respect for the reader. To hear or read someone from a different culture calls for a heroic effort of imagination and sensitivity, and we do no favor to anyone by discounting this effort. Personally, I would not want to encounter a foreign author in a watered-down and patronizing form. Nor would I want to learn a foreign culture through a compromised version of its language. Only the fullest and most powerful use of language lends itself to the most profound grasp of the speaker and his culture. While I am not much of a stylist, I always try to do my best. I realize, though, that this stance, taken in the wrong spirit, quickly becomes arrogant. Certainly, for example, one-to-one communication calls for profound mutual accommodation. The accommodation -- the willingness to address the concrete individual in front of you -- is, in fact, nearly the whole point. But it happens that the mental effort and resourcefulness of imagination required for this kind of accommodation is exactly what the machine-reduction of language is now discouraging. You cannot accommodate to the world of the other person without first doing the hard work of *entering* it. The inability to achieve this work of imagination is surely implicated in the various ethnic conflicts currently roiling the globe. It is one of the characteristic paradoxes of the Net (a paradox lying, I'm convinced, at the core of the entire technological enterprise) that the tools designed to bridge the distance between peoples can operate in a deeper way as tools for destroying even the bridges we already had. Unspeaking the Creative Word -------------------------- Voice recognition systems offer still another venue for the attack upon language. But here it is no longer just the written word -- the word already substantially detached from us -- that is at issue. It is more directly we ourselves, in the fullest act of expression, who must adapt ourselves to the machine's limitations. We must train ourselves toward flatness, both in sound and meaning. But it is almost impossible to achieve a given quality of voice without first achieving more or less the same quality within oneself. Just how far is it healthy to practice inner qualities of machine-likeness? From ancient times the spoken voice -- the Word -- has been experienced as the primary agent of creation. Still today we may occasionally hear dim echoes of the Word's power, whether in song, or in dramatic presentation, or at times when we are spooked, or in those intense, interpersonal moments when everything hangs on the overtones of meaning and the soul-gripping tonal qualities in the voice of the other. I happen to believe that a lot hinges on our ability to rediscover, for good or ill, the powers that stream into the world upon the current of the human voice. It would, however, be a hard case to make to a computer-bred generation. And, with our adaptation to machine translation, it promises to become harder still. Speaking of efforts to reform and simplify language, philologist Owen Barfield has written, Those who mistake efficiency for meaning inevitably end by loving compulsion, even if it takes them, like Bernard Shaw, the best part of a lifetime to get there .... Of all devices for dragooning the human spirit, the least clumsy is to procure its abortion in the womb of language; and we should recognize, I think, that those -- and their number is increasing -- who are driven by an impulse to reduce the specifically human to a mechanical or animal regularity, will continue to be increasingly irritated by the nature of the mother tongue and make it their point of attack. (Preface to second edition of *Poetic Diction*) Barfield wrote that in 1951. If he were writing today, I think he would refer less to specific enemies of the mother tongue and more to the emergence of a global logic of distributed intelligence and connectivity. As we articulate more and more of our activities into the logical operations of the computerized global system, we will also -- unless we consciously resist the tendency -- sacrifice more and more of our creative world of meaning, from which alone the future can arise. (This is another illustration of my contention -- see NF #59 and 61 --that the new threats of tyranny look less and less like issuing from central, identifiable authorities, and more and more like properties of "the system.") NETFUTURE is a newsletter and forwarding service dealing with technology and human responsibility. It is hosted by the UDT Core Programme of the International Federation of Library Associations. Postings occur roughly once every week or two. The editor is Steve Talbott, author of "The Future Does Not Compute: Transcending the Machines in Our Midst". You may redistribute this newsletter for noncommercial purposes. You may also redistribute individual articles in their entirety, provided the NETFUTURE url and this paragraph are attached. Current and past issues of NETFUTURE are available on the Web: http://www.oreilly.com/~stevet/netfuture/ http://www.ifla.org/udt/netfuture/ (mirror site) http://ifla.inist.fr/VI/5/nf/ (mirror site) To subscribe to NETFUTURE, send an email message like this: To: listserv@infoserv.nlc-bnc.ca subscribe netfuture yourfirstname yourlastname ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 14 Jul 1998 12:40:58 -0500 From: Richard Thieme Subject: File 3--Islands in the Clickstream. Summer Nights. July 11, 1998 Islands in the Clickstream: Summer Nights The evocative power of summer nights in northern latitudes is intense. Different climates, like different constructions of reality, fuse so completely with how we experience our lives that we are like fish in water. When I lived in Hawaii, I missed the first chill in the air that came in mid-summer, an intimation that long daylight might not last forever. An intimation that the luminous humid darkness of this particular summer night is an unappreciated gift. Why are so many feelings interlaced with memories of summer nights? And why am I sitting at two in the morning in front of a computer when the sky is clear, Scorpius is rising, and the warm night is an invitation to go outside and do nothing, absolutely nothing, while the symbols of the universe written in the sky say more than I want to know of what's passed and passing and to come? Memories in their molecular matrix trigger chemicals that make me wistful. I remember the smell of the summer hair of the first girl I loved. I remember a night in a back yard behind the home of an uncle and aunt, surrogate parents that I visited in southern Indiana, their neighbors visiting and the hollyhocks growing wild and how it felt to dream to sleep with their warm house around me. And I remember summer in the city, a promise of excitement that was always kept. Memories -- I remember Deckard in Blade Runner, murmuring "Memories. You're talking about memories." Trying to grasp that memories implanted in replicants cushioned the shock of their brief lives. These memories of which I am writing are not memories at all. They are digital images coupling with your own. Those stars in the summer sky are pixels darkening on your monitor. Or ink squeezed onto a white page by a printer. The moment these words are written and sent into cyberspace, they become part of something else. Part of a different molecular matrix, part of a larger mind. Memories -- cushioning the shock of our brief lives. The digital world that so many of us loved just a few years ago is already gone. It has become the ubiquitous sub-text of our lives. These days, we are all in the business of the construction of reality. Literature - the creation and discovery of meaning and value - used to be a special case. Then the Romantic poets said that everyone was a poet, that all reality was "half perceived and half created," and poets simply did it a little better. When Vance Packard told a popular audience in the fifties of "hidden persuaders" in advertisements, it was a revelation. Now we don't have to board a plane to go to Disneyland, we merely have to get out of bed. We live inside simulations, in a sanitized landscape, under which imagineers are pushing buttons, flipping switches, smothering alternative voices. They can even make things vanish. "The Disappeared," those thousands of men and women that vanished into unmarked graves, ceased to exist, their presence no longer magnified by the minds of those who knew them. In the digital world too, we cease to exist when our images are no longer magnified or replicated. The CIA-drugs-Contra connection, disappeared by a swarm of false assertions -- the reality of UFO phenomena, disappeared into the manufacture of crazy worlds inhabited by "useful idiots" -- the horror of war, disappeared into "cool" images of smart bombs smoking down chimneys -- digital images insulating us from our own experience. Leon Panetta, former Chief of Staff at the White House, said he was once awakened in the middle of the night by the Secret Service. "A plane has crashed into the White House!" Panetta roused himself. "What kind of plane?" "Well, according to CNN --" Panetta exploded. "Will you stick your head out of the window and LOOK at the plane and tell me what you see?" Somalia was the first invasion covered by cameras and lights already on the beach to welcome soldiers wading through the surf. But the digital world is a two-edged sword. The will of the Last Great Superpower was broken by a thirty-second video-tape of a Marine dragged behind a jeep. Outside on a summer night, the stars look still and timeless, as if nothing is exploding. Nothing disappearing. The other night, several of our many kids came and went. The house was alive once more with their noisy life. Then they scattered again. We must have looked to them as they left as I remember that uncle and aunt in southern Indiana, an image of reassurance that stays there after they're gone. Now I am outside, looking up at Cassiopeia. On a good night, the Andromeda galaxy is a smear of light, but beyond the reach of my telescope, galaxies explode and civilizations vanish. That house in Indiana has had several other owners now. The neighbors who came and went have moved away or died, as all of my family died. The trees they planted have grown tall, but someone else sits in their shade. What do we know of our place in the scheme of things, of secrets kept not only by those who think they have good reasons but by the universe itself? What has the digital world done but accelerate the construction of realities, the dark bars of our locked cage? Memories -- the mystery of a molecular nexus, a biomechanical process turning into a meaningful image. The digital world is a repository for memories fading fast, oh fast, in media that flake and peel, software that can't even turn the corner of a century without a shrill hysterical shriek. Digital dreams, under the silence of indifferent stars. The sound of footsteps far away disappearing into an imaginary house. Clocks melt, trains race out of chimneys. Email is deleted, systems go down. Yet the will to build and persist persists, life loving life, mystery and passion of which even digital images dare not dream. ********************************************************************** Islands in the Clickstream is a weekly column written by Richard Thieme exploring social and cultural dimensions of computer technology. Comments are welcome. Feel free to pass along columns for personal use, retaining this signature file. If interested in (1) publishing columns online or in print, (2) giving a free subscription as a gift, or (3) distributing Islands to employees or over a network, email for details. To subscribe to Islands in the Clickstream, send email to rthieme@thiemeworks.com with the words "subscribe islands" in the body of the message. To unsubscribe, email with "unsubscribe islands" in the body of the message. Richard Thieme is a professional speaker, consultant, and writer focused on the impact of computer technology on individuals and organizations. Islands in the Clickstream (c) Richard Thieme, 1998. All rights reserved. ThiemeWorks on the Web: http://www.thiemeworks.com ThiemeWorks P. O. Box 17737 Milwaukee WI 53217-0737 414.351.2321 ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 20 Jul 1998 18:18:18 -0400 From: EPIC-News List Subject: File 4--New Congressional Bills and Upcoming Hearings Published by the Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC) Washington, D.C. http://www.epic.org [7] New Congressional Bills and Upcoming Hearings H.R. 4124. E-Mail User Protection Act of 1998. Anti-Spam bill. Introduced by Cook (R-UT) on June 24, 1998. Referred to the Committee on Commerce. H.R. 4151. Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act of 1998. Creates new federal law against ID theft. Creates central bureau for victims of id theft. Introduced by Shadegg (R-AZ).Referred to the Committee on Judiciary. H.R. 4176. Digital Jamming Act of 1998. Anti-spam bill. Introduced by Markey (D-MA) on June 25, 1998. Referred to the Committee on Commerce. H.R. 4217. Freedom and Privacy Restoration Act of 1998. Repeals immigration law requirements on national id. Introduced by Paul (R-TX) on July 15, 1998. Referred to the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight. S.2291. Collections of Information Antipiracy Act. Creates new form of intellectual property for databases. Introduced by Grams (R-MN). Referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 17 Jul 1998 14:56:02 -0500 (CDT) From: sharon boehlefeld Subject: File 5--Reno v. ACLU now on Oyez! (fwd) ---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date--Wed, 15 Jul 1998 12:52:30 -0500 (CDT) From--Mark Suchman Subject-- Reno v. ACLU now on Oyez! (fwd) Thought you might be interested in this: The following is from a previous message by Betty Karweick: | | Date: Tue, 14 Jul 1998 19:29:06 -0500 | | From: Jerry Goldman < | | Dear OYEZ Subscriber: | | | New to the OYEZ website | | | ffff,0000,0000RENO v. ACLU (challenge to | the Communications Decency Act) | | http://court.it-services.nwu.edu/oyez/cases/case.pl?case_id=842 | | | Deputy Solicitor General Seth P. Waxman argued the cause for Reno. | | Bruce J. Ennis argued the cause for ACLU. | | | One exchange between Justice Stephen Breyer and Solicitor General Waxman | -- based on a high school student scenario -- generated substantial media | attention. For those who want to cut to the chase, point your player to | this section: 00:12:34-00:15:09. The page also has a link to Justice John | Paul Stevens' brief announcement of the Court's judgment and opinion. | | | If you are interested in the OYEZ-based CD of these arguments and | opinions (80 hours for your listening pleasure), just drop me a note | <. The CD is scheduled for release later this | summer. | | | For the OYEZ team, | | | Jerry Goldman ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 20 Jul 1998 13:41:10 -0700 (PDT) From: Sara Winge Subject: File 6--Open Source Town Meeting Hosted by O'Reilly FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: July 20, 1998 CONTACT: Sara Winge, 707/829-0515 x285, sara@oreilly.com, More information at http://opensource.oreilly.com/townmeet.html O'REILLY HOSTS OPEN SOURCE TOWN MEETING "Open Source is Open for Business" is Theme of Public Forum SEBASTOPOL, CA--The burgeoning open source (TM) software community will gather at the first Open Source Town Meeting on Friday, August 21 from 5:00-6:30 pm at the Fairmont Hotel in San Jose, CA. O'Reilly & Associates is sponsoring the Town Meeting, which caps off their Open Source Developer Day. More information and registration is at http://opensource.oreilly.com/townmeet.html. Admission is $10. O'Reilly will donate all proceeds from the Open Source Town Meeting to the Free Software Foundation. The Open Source Town Meeting is for software developers, corporate IS managers, entrepreneurs, and others who want to take advantage of the open source development and business models. A panel discussion on the topic "Open Source is Open for Business" will kick off the Town Meeting. Moderator Tim O'Reilly, CEO of O'Reilly & Associates, will be joined by key open source leaders including: * Larry Wall, creator of Perl and Senior Developer, O'Reilly & Associates * James Barry, HTTP and WebSphere product manager, IBM * Jim Hamerley, Vice President, Client Products Division, Netscape Communications Corp. * David Filo, co-founder of Yahoo, which uses FreeBSD, Apache, and other open source tools * Richard Stallman, founder of the GNU project * Bob Young, President, Red Hat Software * Brian Behlendorf, a founder of the Apache group and vice president of Web Applications at C2Net Software, Inc. * John Ousterhout, CEO, Scriptics Corp. and creator of the Tcl scripting language * Jordan Hubbard, a founder of the FreeBSD project * Eric Raymond, independent developer; open source evangelist; author of the influential paper, "The Cathedral and the Bazaar." The Open Source Town Meeting will include ample time for audience comment and questions. O'Reilly's partners in the event will have informational displays on their open source-related efforts. Partners include: Apache Group C2Net Software, Inc. Crynwr Linux International Linux Journal Penguin Computing Red Hat Software, Inc. Samba Scriptics Corporation Sendmail, Inc. Silicon Valley Linux User Group Songline Studios USENIX Whistle Communications The Open Source Town Meeting is a followup to the private Open Source Summit that O'Reilly hosted for a small group of key open source developers in April 1998. Another outgrowth of that meeting is Open Source Developer Day (http://opensource.oreilly.com/osdd), a daylong workshop for those who want to learn how to develop and market open source software, which takes place from 9:00am-4:30pm the day of the Town Meeting. # # # "Open Source" is a Certification Mark of Software in the Public Interest. ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 25 Apr 1998 22:51:01 CST From: CuD Moderators Subject: File 7--Cu Digest Header Info (unchanged since 25 Apr, 1998) Cu-Digest is a weekly electronic journal/newsletter. Subscriptions are available at no cost electronically. CuD is available as a Usenet newsgroup: comp.society.cu-digest Or, to subscribe, send post with this in the "Subject:: line: SUBSCRIBE CU-DIGEST Send the message to: cu-digest-request@weber.ucsd.edu DO NOT SEND SUBSCRIPTIONS TO THE MODERATORS. 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